UPSC & BANKING General Awareness (GK QUIZ): October 2019

Polity and History

Polity

1)Introduction to Indian Constitution

2) Origin and Evolution of the Constitution.

3) Constituent Assembly

4) Nature of Indian Constitution

5) Parliamentary and Presidential systems

6) Separation of Powers

7) Federalism and Division of Powers

8)Preamble

9) Citizenship

10)Fundamental Rights

Modern India

1)) 1857 Revolt - Causes, Course, Consequences

2) Socio-Religious Reform Movements

3)National Awakening and Formation of Indian National Congress.(Beginning of modern nationalism in India, INC: foundation and the moderate phase)

TEST 23^rd September

1. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. can be removed from office only by

(a) President on the advice of the Union Cabinet

(b) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

(d) President on the advice of Chief Justice of India

2. According to Granville Austin, which of the following was/were the most? significant contributions of India to constitution-making?

(a) Majority Rule and Minority Rights

(b) Consensus and Accommodation

(d) Asymmetrical Federal Structure

3. The Locus Standi rule to move the court was liberalized by the case of

(a) SR Bornrnai vs Union of India

(b) Minerva Mills vs Union of India

(d) Kesavananda Bharati vsState of Kerala

4. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was associated with

1. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

2. Gaurakshini Sabha

3. The Age of Consent Bill

4. Atmiya Sabha

Select the correct answer "using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 1, 2 and 4

(d) 2 and 4

4. The provision under Article 350A of the Constitution of India relates to the

(a) right of any section of the citizens to preserve its distinct language and culture

(b) right of the Sikh community to carrying and wearing of kirpans

(d) freedom of Minority-managed educational institutions from discrimination in the matter of receiving aid from the State

5. Partial responsible governments in the provinces had been established under which one of the following Acts ?

(a)The Government of India Act,1919

(b) The Government of India Act,1935

(d) Indian Councils Act, 1892

6. What were the salient features of the Government of India Act, 1935 ?

1.Provincial Autonomy

2.Dyarchy at the Centre

3. Abolition of dyarchy in the States

4.Retention of Excluded Areas

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 2 and 3 only

(b) 1, 2 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

7. Which of the following terms was not included in a union of trinity’ by Dr. B,R. Ambedkar in his concluding speech in the Constituent Assembly ?

(a) Liberty

(b) Flexibility

(d) Fraternity

8. Before giving any decision on questions as to disqualification of a member of either House of Parliament, the President of India shall obtain the opinion of which one of the following ?

(a) Supreme Court

(b) Election Commission

(d) Solicitor General of India

9. The temporary and transitional provisions mentioned in Part XXI of the Constitution of India relate to which State(s) ?

1. Gujarat

2. Nagaland

3. Assam

4. Andhra Pradesh

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

(a) 1 only

(b) 2, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

10. Directive Principles of State Policy direct the state for which of the following?

1.To secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people

2. Separation of judiciary from executive

3.To improve public health

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

11. 20. During the Indian freedom struggle, who of the following started the weekly Yugantar in April 1906 ?

(a) Jnanendranath Basu and Bipin Chandra Pal

(b) Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta

(c)A swini Kumar Dutta and Satishchandra Mukherji

(d) Krishna Kumar Mitra and Hemchandra Kanungo

12. A series of articles by Aurobindo Ghosh known as ‘Doctrine of Passive Resistance’ are associated with which one of the following movements ?

(a) Swadeshi and Boycott movement

(b) Civil Disobedience movement

(d) Young Bengal movement

13. During the Indian Freedom struggle, who among the following started a journal “The Indian Sociologist” ?

(a) Dadabhai Naoroji

(b) Bhikaji Cama

(d) Jatindranath Mukheijee

14. Consider the following statements about citizenship :

1.Citizenship confers on a person the membership in a political community.

2.In democratic societies, a citizen is one who enjoys the right to participate in the political process.

3.Exercising the right to vote is an essential condition for being a citizen in a democratic polity.

4. Most democracies today grant citizenship only to those persons who were born within their territory.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

15. The judgment in the S.R. Bommai v. Union of India case pertained broadly to which Article of the Constitution of India ?

(a) Article 29

(b) Article 32

(d) Article 356

16. “The problem of a just society is not the single problem of economic equality but the much more difficult problem of achieving simultaneously in one society both liberty and equality.” Which system does this passage justify ?

(a) Capitalism

(b) Communism

(d) Democratic Socialism

17. What is Positive liberty ?

(a) Absence of constraints of law

(b) Absence of external hindrances

(d) Freedom to choose

18. With reference to the Revolt of 1857, who of the following laid siege to Jhansi in March 1858 ?

(a) Major General Wyndham

(b) Major General Havelock

(d) Sir Hugh Rose

19. The Ilbert Bill agitation led to the foundation of which one of the following ?

(a) Indian Association

(b)All India National Conference

(d) Jatiya Sabha

20. Which of the following fundamental transformations of India's social order have significant implications for Indian democracy?

1. The increasing political mobilization of India’s lower castes and minorities.

2.Rising literacy rates.

3. Widening exposure of the Indian electorate to mass media.

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1 only

21. With reference to Article 20 of the Constitution of India, consider the following statements:

1. Both civil and criminal laws can be applied retrospectively.

2. The protection against self-incrimination extends to both criminal and civil proceedings.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

22. With respect to the writ jurisdiction consider the following statements:

1. The writ of habeas corpus can be issued against the private individuals.

2. The writ of prohibition is available only against the judicial bodies.

3. The writ of quo-warranto can be sought even by a non-aggrieved person.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 3 only

(d) 1 and 2 only

23. Which of the following is not an example of exercise of Fundamental Right?

(a) A farmer sells his farm and starts a business.

(b) A person from Gujarat moves to Maharashtra and settles there.

(d) A person refuses to believe in any religion.

24. Which of the following functions were performed by the Constituent Assembly of India?

1. Drafting of the Constitution of India.

2. It ratified the India‘s membership of the Commonwealth

3. Enactment of ordinary laws

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

25. Consider the following:

1. President’s Rule

2. National Emergency

3. Martial Rule

Which of the above special circumstances has/have an effect on the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

26. With reference to Government of India Act, 1919, consider the following statements:

1. It provided separate electorates for Anglo Indians and Europeans.

2. It introduced system of direct elections in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

27. Which of the following gives effect to the objective of the Preamble to secure for all its citizen equality, liberty and justice?

(a) Fundamental Rights

(b) Directive Principles of State Policy

(d) Power of Judicial Review

28. The Government of India Act, 1935 provided:

1. Establishment of An All-India Federation

2. Introduction of portfolio system

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

29. Which of the following are unitary or non-federal features in the Indian Constitution?

1. Single Constitution

2. Independent Judiciary

3. Single Citizenship

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

30. With reference to Constituent Assembly of India, consider the following statements:

1. It was formed under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan.

2. It was a body elected directly by the people on the basis of universal adult franchise.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

31. In India, the concept of Secularism connotes:

1. Religion and state must be strictly separated.

2. Freedom of religion of both individuals and communities.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

32. With respect to the Right to Constitutional Remedies, consider the following statements:

1. It can be taken away by an amendment of the Constitution.

2. The right to move to the Supreme Court cannot be suspended under any circumstances.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

33. Which of the following could come under ‘reasonable restrictions’ provided by the constitution on exercise of Freedom of Speech and expression (Article 19(2))?

1. Leaking classified material by an Intelligence officer.

2. Giving speech to take up arms.

3. Speech which can hamper stability of government in Lok Sabha.

4. Contempt of Court.

Select the correct answer using code given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 4 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

34. Consider the following statements regarding Constituent Assembly:

1. It was a fully sovereign body.

2. It could abrogate or alter any law made by the British Parliament in relation to India.

3. Princely states never joined the assembly.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

35. Consider the following statements regarding Preamble to Indian Constitution:

1. It is based on the Objective Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the constituent assembly.

2. It is not a part of the Constitution.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

36. Which of the following is the reason for the bulkiness of Indian Constitution?

(a) Country's diversity

(b) Elaborate provisions for centre and state

(d) both (a) and(b)

37. Consider the following statements regarding Fundamental Rights and Legal Rights:

1. Both Legal rights and fundamental rights are protected by the Constitution.

2. Fundamental Rights cannot be amended whereas legal rights can be amended.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

38. With reference to Article 21 of the Constitution, consider the following statements:

1. It is available to both citizens and non- citizens.

2. It can be taken away by the procedure established by law.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

39. Which of the following may result in loss of citizenship of an Indian citizen?

1. If the citizen voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country.

2. If the citizen has been ordinarily resident out of India for seven years continuously.

3. If the citizen has shown disloyalty to the Constitution of India.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

40. The Indian Constitution ensures

1. Individual Freedom

2. Community Based Rights

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

41. Consider the following statements with regard to the Preamble to Indian Constitution:

1. Its provisions are enforceable in courts of law.

2. It is not a source of power to the legislature.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

42. Consider the following pairs:

Committees of Constituent Assembly Chairman

1. States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru

2. Drafting Committee: B. R. Ambedkar

3. Steering Committee: Sardar Vallabbhai patel

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 2 and 3 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

43. Which of the following are the similarities between Indian Parliamentary System and British Parliamentary System?

1. Supremacy of Parliament

2. Elected head of state

3. Majority party rule

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) None

44. Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to acquisition of Citizenship in India?

1. The children of foreign diplomats posted in India can acquire Indian citizenship by birth.

2. A person applying for citizenship by Naturalisation should have an adequate knowledge of a language specified in the Eighth Schedule.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

45. Which of the following are included under the basic structure of the Constitution?

1. Parliamentary System

2. Judicial Review

3. Emergency Provisions

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

46. Which among the following changes were brought in the army after the revolt of 1857?

1. The proportion of Europeans to Indians in the army was unchanged.

2. Communal, tribal and regional loyalties were encouraged amongst the soldiers.

3. Indians were included in the officer corps.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

47. With reference to the modern Indian history, who among the following nationalists were the moderates?

1. Aurobindo Ghose

2. Pherozeshah Mehta

3. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

4. Lala Lajpat Rai

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

48. Which of the following was the important contribution of early nationalists in Indian National Movement?

1. To provide leadership to the movement in the early stage.

2. To encourage the masses to participate in the National Movement.

3. To provide economic criticism of colonial government.

4. To create public interest in political questions and organization of public opinion.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 1, 2 and 4 only

(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

49. Which of the following associations preceded the formation of Indian National Congress?

1. Zamindari Association

2. British Indian Association

3. All India Muslim League

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

50. With reference to the early nationalist response towards the British economic policies, consider the following statements:

1. They promoted the idea of Swadeshi.

2. They were critical of Indian capitalist class.

3. They demanded abolition of salt tax.

Which of the statement given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, and 3

51. Consider the following statements regarding the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha in Maharashtra:

1. It was founded by Balgangadhar Tilak.

2. It organized a campaign for the peasants cause against land revenue settlement.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

52. Indian Capitalists preferred constitutional form of struggle as opposed to mass civil disobedience because

1. prolonged mass struggle prevented the continuing of day-to-day business.

2. they depended on the foreign capitalists and British patronage.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

53. Consider the following statements regarding the Government of India Act, 1909:

1. It provided for the establishment of an All India Federation.

2. Through this act Legislative council were given the power of discussing the budget and addressing questions to the executive first time.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

54. With reference to the Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements:

1. Emphasis was placed on Atma-shakti or Self-reliance.

2. National Council of Education was set up.

3. Emphasis on setting up of indigenous industries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

55. Lucknow pact of 1916 is known for the agreement between

1. Muslim League and Britishers on the demand for self-government in India after the war.

2. Congress and the Muslim League on separate electorate.

3. Extremists and revolutionaries to placate moderates from Indian politics.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1 and 3 only

56. With reference to the history of Indian National Movement, who among the following was the first Indian to start an agitation for political reform?

(a) Dadabhai Naoroji

(b) Raja Rammohan Roy

(d) W.C Banerjee

57. With reference to Indian National movement, the famous Safety valve theory is associated with which of the following?

(a) Formation of Indian National Congress.

(b) Political agendas used by moderate leaders of congress.

(d) Demand of separate nation by Muslim league.

58. Which of the following factors led to the stagnation and deterioration of agriculture during the British period in India?

1. Overcrowding of agriculture

2. Excessive land revenue demand

3. Growth of intermediaries

4. Absence of use of modern machinery and technology.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

59. Which of the following was/were the main provisions of the Indian Councils Act 1892?

1. Number of members in Imperial and Provincial Legislative Councils was raised.

2. Element of election was introduced.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

60. Which of the following was/were the reasons of Indigo Revolt of 1859-60 in India:

1. Peasants were forced to enter into fraudulent contracts.

2. The price paid for the indigo was far below the market price.

3. The peasants were forced to grow indigo on the most fertile lands.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 2 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

61. With reference to the Indian Councils Act, 1909, consider the following statements:

1. It increased the number of elected members in the Imperial Legislative Council.

2. It provided separate electorates only to Muslims.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) neither 1 nor 2

62. With reference to Arya Samaj, consider the following statements:

1. It favoured the study of western sciences.

2. It was based on the teachings of Puranas.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

63. Which of the following was/were reasons for the failure of the Revolt of 1857?

1. Limited territorial base

2. Lack of resources

3. Lack of a central and coordinated leadership

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 3 only

(d) 2 and 3 only

64. Which of the following were the reasons behind the collapse of the urban handicrafts industry during the British rule in India?

1. Competition with the cheaper imported machine-goods from Britain.

2. Forcing craftsmen to sell their goods below the market price.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

65. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Brahmo Samaj?

1. It opposed idolatry.

2. It believed in monotheism and the unitarianism of Christianity.

3. It gave the slogan 'Go back to the vedas'.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

66. Which of the following statement is correct with reference to the Theosophical Society?

1. It aimed at the revival of Hinduism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.

2. The society was based on the beliefs of Vedanta.

3. It was headquartered in United States.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 only

(d) 2 only

67. Consider the following statements with reference to All India Muslim League:

1. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was one of the founding members of the league.

2. It supported the Partition of Bengal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

68. Which of the following were responsible for the decline of the Swadeshi Movement?

1. Moderate-extremist split at Surat session.

2. Lack of an effective organization and party structure.

3. Communal clashes at various places in Bengal.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) all of the above

69. With reference to Tattvabodhini Sabha, consider the following statements:

1. It aimed to promote a systematic study of India's past and promote rational outlook among people in Bengal.

2. It was founded by Debendranath Tagore.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

70. Which of the following were the reasons behind the Revolt of 1857?

1. Heavy taxation under the new revenue policy

2. Discrimination against the Indian sepoys

3. Activities of Christian Missionaries.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

71. At the beginning of the 20th century, who among the following published "The Economic History of India"?

(a) Dadabhai Naoroji

(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(d) Romesh Chandra Dutt

72. Who among the following played an important role for passing the Native Marriage Act of 1872?

(a) Devendranath Tagore

(b)Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

(d)Shyam Chandra Dass

73. Who founded the Paramhansa Sabha in Poona in 1840?

(a) Bal Shastri Jambhekar

(b)Mahadev Govind Ranade

(d)Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhedkar

74. Two famous leaders Sido and Kanhu of civil uprisings during India's freedom struggle belonged to which community?

(a) Kolis

(b) Mundas

(d) Bhils

75. Consider the following statements:

1. A group of Indians headed by M. N. Roy met at Tasnkent in October 1920 and set up the Communist Party of India.

2. An All-India organization under the name of the Communist Party of India was founded at Calcutta in December 1925.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

76. Consider the following statements with reference to the extremists and moderates within the Congress during the years 1905-07;

1. The extremists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and Boycott movement from Bengal to the rest of the country.

2. The moderates wanted to gradually extend the boycott from foreign goods to every form of association or cooperation with the government'

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

77. Which among the following was/were the reason(s) for decline of the Swadeshi movement by mid 1908?

1. Severe repression by the Government.

2. Internal squabbles in the Congress.

3. Lack of an effective organization and party structure.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1,2 and 3

78. What was the immediate reason that resulted in the murder of Rand, the Chairman of the Plague Committee and Lt Ayerst in 1898?

(a) Arrest of Bal Gangadhar Tilak for criticizing the government's handling of the plague situation which made the workers of the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha violent

(b) There was general resentment against the official plague measures

(c)Manhandling of the workers of the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha by the Police in plague-stricken areas provoked the people

(d) Some extremist leaders of Maharashtra showed over-enthusiasm to enhance the degree of conflict between the British rulers and the Indian People

79. Consider the following statements with reference early phase of Congress:

1.In the early years of the Indian National Congress, it was decided to rotate the Congress Session among different parts of the country.

2. The very early leadership of the Congress wanted to take up the issue of social reform of different parts of the country.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

80. During the Indian freedom struggle in the early 20th century, which one of the following set up a "Swadesh Sewak Home" in Vancouver?

(a) G. D. Kumar

(b) Madanlal Dhingra

(d) Tarak Nath Das

81. Which of the following is/are feature(s) of a democracy?

1. It results in swift decision making.

2. It improves the quality of decision-making.

3. It is based on the principle of political equality.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

82. Why is the Indian Constitution called a 'living document'?

(a) Extensive debates were held in the

Constituent Assembly while framing the Constitution.

(b) The Constitution guarantees Right to Life as a Fundamental Right.

(d) It can be amended and evolved with changing situations.

83. Which among the following is the basis of the amendment procedure of the Indian Constitution?

(a) Separation of Powers

(b) Parliamentary Sovereignty

(d) Universal Adult Franchise

84. Which of the following is a federal feature of the government?

(a) Written constitution

(b) All India Services (AIS)

(d) Single Citizenship

85. The beginning of Parliamentary System in India can be traced back to which of the following Acts?

(a) Charter Act of 1853

(b) Government of India Act, 1858

(d) Government of India Act, 1935

86. Which of the above is/are classified under the Right to Freedom of Religion?

1. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion.

2. Freedom of conscience and free profession of religion.

3. Protection of culture of minorities.

4. Freedom to manage religious institution and affairs.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1, 2 and 4 only

(d) 2, 3 and 4 only

87. Which of the following strengthens Indian federalism?

1. Rule of law

2. Written Constitution

3. Rigidity of Constitution

4. Emergency provisions in the Constitution.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

88. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution serves which of the following purpose?

1. It indicates authority of the Government is derived from the people.

2. It lays down the objectives which the Constitution seeks to accomplish.

3. It helps Judiciary to interpret provisions of the Constitution.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

89. Which of the above is/are the features of the federal system?

1. Pooling of resources to provide maximum benefit to the people.

2. Supreme Court to arbitrate any disputes between the Union and the States.

3. All powers are vested with the Central Legislature.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only

(d) None of the above

90. With reference to Fundamental Rights, consider the following statements:

1. All Fundamental Rights are negative in nature, that is, they place limitations on the authority of the State.

2. All Fundamental Rights are horizontal in nature, that is, they are available against the arbitrary action of the State and not against the action of private individuals.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

91. Which of the following is/are the constitutional provisions facilitating Union\ control over the States?

1. All India Services

2. National Development council

3. Zonal Councils

4. Grants-in-aid

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 4 only

(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

92. Which of the following was/were the cause(s) of failure of the revolt of 1857?

1. The kings of Kashmir and Nepal helped in suppressing the revolt.

2. It was mainly feudal in character.

3. Lack of coordination in the uprisings in different parts of India.

Select the correct answer using codes given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3 only

93. In order to improve the condition of women, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was associated with which of the following?

1. Legalizing widow remarriage.

2. Opposing polygamy.

3. Advocating higher education of women.

4. Opposing child marriage.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only

94. With Subsidiary Alliance/Treaty which of the following Governor Generals is/are associated?

1. Lord Wellesley

2. Lord Dupleix

3. Lord Cornwallis

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

95. Which one of the following was not an objective of the Indian National Congress in its initial years?

(a) To weld Indians into a nation.

(b) To gain independence from the British.

(d) To create a common political platform or programme for the countrymen for their political activities.

96. What was/were the objectives of the Deoband movement?

1. To propagate the pure teachings of Quran and Hadis.

2. To integrate English education with Islamic religious education.

3. To keep alive the spirit of jihad against foreign rule.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

97. With reference to the Derozians, consider the following statements:

1. They were passionate advocates of women rights.

2. They advocated for the peasant cause.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

98. With reference to the Theosophical society, consider the following statements:

1. The theosophists advocated revival of ancient religion of Hinduism, Buddhism and zorastrianism.

2. They recognized the doctrine of transmigration of soul.

3. It was headquartered at Bombay.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

99. Consider the following statements regarding Sayyid Ahmed Khan:

1. Initially he was an orthodox but later emphasized Hindu-Muslim unity.

2. He established a college in Aligarh to educate Indians against British rule.

3. He advised educationally backward Muslims to focus on modern education only.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1 and 3 only

100. Who among the following was/were not associated with Brahmo Samaj?

1. Keshab Chandra Sen

2. Raja Rammohun Roy

3. Debendranath Tagore

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only

(d) None of the above

WITH ANSWER KEY

1. Answer: c

2. Answer: b

3. Answer: c

4. Answer: c

5. Answer: c

6. Answer: d’

7. Answer: b

8. Answer: b

9. Answer: d It include both Art 370 & 371 too

10. Answer”: d

11. Answer: b

12. Answer: a

13. Answer: c

14. Answer: A

15. Answer: d

16. Answer: d

17. Answer: c

18. Answer: d

19. Answer: b

20.A

21. Answer d

Article 20 dealing with Protection in respect of Conviction of offences has three provisions :

· No ex-post-facto law: No person shall be (i) convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act, nor (ii) subjected to a penalty greater than that prescribed by the law in force at the time of the commission of the act. An ex-post-facto law is one that imposes penalties retrospectively (retroactively), that is, upon acts already done or which increases the penalties for such acts. However, this limitation is imposed only on criminal laws and not on civil laws or tax laws. In other words, a civil liability or a tax can be imposed retrospectively.

· No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. The protection against self-incrimination extends to both oral evidence and documentary evidence. Further, it extends only to criminal proceedings and not to civil proceedings or proceedings which are not of criminal nature.

22. Answer d

· The writ of habeas corpus can be issued against both public authorities as well as private individuals. The writ, on the other hand, is not issued where the (a) detention is lawful, (b) the proceeding is for contempt of a legislature or a court, (c) detention is by a competent court, and (d) detention is outside the jurisdiction of the court.

· The writ of prohibition can be issued only against judicial and quasi-judicial authorities. It is not available against administrative authorities, legislative bodies, and private individuals or bodies.

· Unlike the other four writs, the writ of quo-warranto can be sought by any interested person and not necessarily by the aggrieved person. The writ can be issued only in case of a substantive public office of a permanent character created by a statute or by the Constitution. It cannot be issued in cases of ministerial office or private office.

23. Answer c

· A farmer sells his farm and starts a business - It is an exercise of the Right to freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

· A person from Gujarat moves to Maharashtra and settles there - It is an exercise of the right to move freely throughout the country, and to reside in any part of the country.

· A person refuses to believe in any religion - It is an exercise of the Right to Freedom of Religion.

· A person inherits property from his parents - It is not a fundamental right.

24. Answer: d

In addition to the making of the Constitution and enacting of ordinary laws, the Constituent Assembly also performed the following functions:

· It ratified the India‘s membership of the Commonwealth in May 1949.

· It adopted the National Flag on July 22, 1947.

· It adopted the National Anthem on January 24, 1950.

· It adopted the National Song on January 24, 1950.

· It elected Dr Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India on January 24, 1950.

25. Answer c

President's rule has no effect on Fundamental Rights whereas National Emergency and Martial Rule have. When a National Emergency is declared, the Fundamental Rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended and this suspension continues till the end of the emergency.

26. Answer c

Government of India act, 1919 provided for separate electorate for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians and Europeans, but for Muslims it was provided by Government of India Act, 1909 by Lord Minto who came to be known as the father of communal electorates.

Government of India act, 1919 also introduced for the first time bicameralism and direct elections in the country.

27. Answer a

In India, like most other democracies in the world, rights are mentioned in the Constitution. Some rights which are fundamental to our life are given a special status. They are called Fundamental Rights. The Preamble to our Constitution talks about securing for all its citizens equality, liberty and justice. Fundamental Rights put this promise into effect. They are an important basic feature of India‘s Constitution.

28. Answer a

The features of the Government of India Act,1935 were:

· It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units. However, the federation never came into being as the princely states did not join it.

· It abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced provincial autonomy in its place.

29. Answer b

The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of government. It contains all the usual features of a federation, viz., two government, division of powers, written Constitution, super-macy of Constitution, rigidity of Constitution, independent judiciary and bicameralism.

However, the Indian Constitution also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features, viz., a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, all-India services, emergency provisions, and so on.

30. Answer a

The Constituent Assembly was constituted in November 1946 under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan

Some of the features of the scheme were:

· The total strength of the Constituent Assembly was to be 389. Of these, 296 seats were to be allotted to British India and 93 seats to the Princely States.

· Each province and princely state (or group of states in case of small states) were to be allotted seats in proportion to their respective population.

· Seats allocated to each British province were to be decided among the three principal communities-Muslims, Sikhs and general (all except Muslims and Sikhs), in proportion to their population.

· The representatives of each community were to be elected by members of that community in the provincial legislative assembly and voting was to be by the method of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.

31. Answer b

Western conception of secularism means mutual exclusion of state and religion in order to protect values such as individual freedom and citizenship rights of individuals. It means that religion and state must be strictly separated.

The Indian Constitution grants rights to all religious communities such as the right to establish and maintain their educational institutions. Freedom of religion in India means the freedom of religion of both individuals and communities.

32. Answer d

Being the basic structure of the Constitution, as ruled by the SC, Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies) cannot be abridged or taken away even by an amendment of the Constitution.

The right to move the SC for the enforcement of the FRs, as provided by the Constitution, can be suspended by the President during a national emergency (Article 359). Thus Article 32 cannot be abridged/curtailed but can be temporarily suspended.

33. Answer a

Article 19(2) provides that reasonable restrictions can be imposed on exercise of Freedom of Speech and expression under the following conditions: the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

34. Answer a

By the Indian Independence Act of 1947, the Assembly was made a fully sovereign body, which could frame any constitution it pleased. The act empowered the Assembly to abrogate or alter any law made by the British Parliament in relation to India.

The representatives of the princely states, who had stayed away from the constituent Assembly, gradually joined in.

35. Answer a

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is based on the ‘Objectives Resolution’, drafted and moved by Jawaharlal Nehru, and adopted by the Constituent Assembly.

The question as to whether the Preamble can be amended under Article 368 of the Constitution arose for the first time in the historic case of Kesavananda Bharati (1973). It was urged that the Preamble cannot be amended as it is not a part of the Constitution. The petitioner contended that the amending power in Article 368 cannot be used to destroy or damage the basic elements or the fundamental features of the Constitution, which are enshrined in the Preamble. The Supreme Court, however, held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution.

36.d Population of Indian has nothing to do with the bulkiness of Constitution. Rather it is the diversity of language, caste and creed which our constitution aims to protect through the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity.

37. Answer d

Fundamental Rights are different from other rights available to us. While ordinary legal rights are protected and enforced by ordinary law, Fundamental Rights are protected and guaranteed by the constitution of the country.

Ordinary rights may be changed by the legislature by ordinary process of law making, but a fundamental right may only be changed by amending the Constitution itself.

38. Answer c

39. Answer d

The Citizenship Act, 1955, prescribes three ways of losing citizenship whether acquired under the Act or prior to it under the Constitution, viz, renunciation, termination and deprivation.

40. Answer c

Constitution reinforces and reinvents forms of liberal individualism. This is an important achievement because this is done in the backdrop of a society where community values are often indifferent or hostile to individual autonomy.

we have several linguistic and religious communities. It was important to ensure that no one community systematically dominates others. This made it mandatory for our Constitution to recognise community based rights.

41. Answer b

· The Preamble is neither a source of power to legislature nor a prohibition upon the powers of legislature.

· It is non-justiciable, that is, its provisions are not enforceable in courts of law.

42. Answer b

Steering Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad

43. Answer c

The features of parliamentary government in India are:

· Presence of nominal and real executives;

· Majority party rule,

· Collective responsibility of the executive to the legislature,

· Membership of the ministers in the legislature,

· Leadership of the prime minister or the chief minister,

· Dissolution of the lower House (Lok Sabha or Assembly).

44. Answer b

The children of foreign diplomats posted in India and enemy aliens cannot acquire Indian citizenship by birth.

45.d

From the various judgements, the following have emerged as ̳basic features‘ of the Constitution or elements/components/ingredients of the ̳basic structure‘ of the constitution:

· Supremacy of the Constitution

· Sovereign, democratic and republican nature of the Indian polity

· Secular character of the Constitution

· Separation of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary

· Federal character of the Constitution

· Unity and integrity of the nation

· Welfare state (socio-economic justice)

· Judicial review

· Freedom and dignity of the individual

· Parliamentary system

· Rule of law

· Harmony and balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

· Principle of equality

· Free and fair elections

· Independence of Judiciary

· Limited power of Parliament to amend the Constitution

· Effective access to justice

· Principle of reasonableness

· Powers of the Supreme Court under Articles 32, 136, 141 and 142

46. Answer c

The Indian army was carefully reorganised after 1858. Some changes were made necessary by the transfer of power to the Crown. Firstly, the domination of the army by its European branch was carefully guaranteed. The proportion of Europeans to Indians in the army was raised. Moreover, the European troops were kept in key geographical and military positions.

The organisation of the Indian section of the army was based on the policy of divide and rule so as to prevent its chance of uniting again in an anti-British uprising. Communal, caste, tribal and regional loyalities were encouraged amongst the soldiers so that the sentiment of nationalism would not grow among them. For example caste and communal companies were introduced in most of the regiments.

The older policy of excluding Indians from the officer corps was strictly maintained. Till 1914, no Indian could rise higher than the rank of a subedar.

47. Answer b

The leading figures during the first phase of the National Movement (1885-1905) were moderates. Leading moderates were A.O. Hume, W.C. Banerjee, Surendra Nath Banerjee, Pherozeshah Mehta, Gopalakrishna Gokhale, Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Badruddin Tyabji, Justice Ranade, G.Subramanya Aiyar.

48. Answer d

The important contributions of early nationalists in Indian National Movement were:

· To provide leadership to the movement in the early stage.

· To provide economic criticism of colonial government.

· To create public interest in political questions and organization of public opinion.

49. Answer a

· 1838 - Zamindari Association or Landholders' Society in Calcutta. The promotion of landholders' interests through petitions to government and discreet persuasion of the bureaucracy was its professed object.

· The British Indian Association of Bengal was established in 1851.

· All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 at Dacca.

50. Answer d

· They saw solution to poverty in India in the development of domestic industries. So they promote the ideaof Swadeshi.

· They supported Indian capitalist class but were critical of British capitalist class.

· They demanded abolition of salt tax since starting. Hence, statement 4 is correct.

51. Answer b

In 1873-74, the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (Poona Public Society), led by Mahadev Govind Ranade, who organized a successful campaign among the peasants, as well as at Poona and Bombay against the land revenue settlement of 1867.

52. Answer a

· The capitalists were unwilling to support a prolonged all-out hostility to the government of the day as it prevented the continuing of day-to-day business and threatened the very existence of the class.

· The Indian capitalist class grew from about the mid 19th century with largely an independent capital base and not as junior partners of foreign capital or as compradors. The capitalist class on the whole was not tied up in a subservient position with pro-imperialist feudal interests either economically or politically.

53. Answer d

The Government of India Act 1935 provided for the establishment of on All India Federation which was to be based on union of princely states. There was to be a bicameral federal legislature in which states were given disproportionate weightage. The representatives of the states were not to be elected by the people but appointed directly by the rulers. It also provided for a new system of government for the provinces on the basis of provincial autonomy.

54. Answer d

An important aspect of the swadeshi Movement was the emphasis placed on self-reliance or ‘Atmasakti‘, which means assertion of national dignity, honour and self-confidence. In economic field, fostering of indigenous industries was emphasised.

Nationalists opened National Education institutions who regarded the existing education system as inadequate. To this effect, National Council of Education was setup in 1906. Also active participation of women and many prominent muslims such as Abdul Rasul, Liaquat Hussain, Guznavi etc. was seen.

55. Answer c

In 1916 at Lucknow, both the Congress and Muslim League signed a pact known as the Lucknow Pact, and put forward common political demands before the Government including the demand for self-government for India after the war. The Pact accepted separate electorates and the system of weightage and reservation of seats for the minorities in the legislatures.

56. Answer b

Raja Rammohan Roy was the first Indian to start an agitation for political reform. He advocated the substitution of English in place of Persian language in courts of law, employment of Indian personnel in civil services, separation of offices of judges and revenue commissioners. He also suggested consultation with Indian public before enactment of law in the country.

57. Answer a

The safety valve theory is that the Indian National Congress was started by A.O. Hume and others under the official direction, guidance and advice of Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy, to provide a safe, mild, peaceful, and constitutional outlet or safety valve for the rising discontent among the masses, which was inevitably leading towards a popular and violent revolution.

58. Answer d

Following were the reasons for stagnation and deterioration of agriculture during the British period in India-

· The destruction of the traditional industries resulted in unemployement among the handicraftsmen and rural artisans. This forced them to crowd them into agriculture.

· British government used to charge heavy taxation over peasantry.

· The growth of subinfeudation or intermediaries was a remarkable feature of the spread of landlordism. Through this process a large number of rent receiving intermediaries sprang up between the actual cultivator and the government. It was the tenants who had to bear the burden of maintaining the horde of superior landlords.

· Indian agriculture was technologically stagnating. There was absence of use of modern machinery to improve the status of indian agriculture.

59. Answer b

Number of additional members in Imperial Legislative Councils and the Provincial Legislative Councils was raised. In Imperial Legislative Council, now the governor-general could have ten to sixteen non- officials (instead of six to ten previously).

Some of these additional members could be indirectly elected Thus an element of election was introduced for the first time.

The budget could not be voted upon, nor could any amendments be made to it.

60. Answer d

The most militant and widespread of the peasant movements was the Indigo Revolt of 1859-60.

· The planters forced the peasants to take a meager amount as advance and enter into fraudulent contracts which, often he was not in a position to repay. The advance was used by the planters to compel them to go on cultivating indigo.

· The price paid for the indigo plants was far below the market price.

· The peasant was forced to grow indigo on the best land he had whether or not he wanted to devote his land and labour to more paying crops like rice.

61. Answer a

· The Indian Councils Act of 1909 increased the number of elected members in the imperial Legislative Council and the provincial legislative councils.

· Most of the elected members were still elected indirectly. An Indian was to be appointed a member of the Governor-General‘s Executive Council. Of the sixty-eight members of the Imperial Legislative Council, thirty-six were officials and five were nominated non-officials. Out of twenty seven elected members, 8 seats were reserved for the Muslims; six were elected by big landlords and two by British capitalists. Separate electorates for Muslims, big landlords and by British capitalists. Separate electorates means only Muslims/landlord/ British capitalists should vote for candidates for a seat reserved for Muslim/landlord/ British capitalists respectively.

62. Answer a

Swami Dayanand Saraswati favoured the study of western sciences as they deal with the problems of men in real world instead of following traditional beliefs.

Vedas were considered as infalliable by the institution, whereas Swami Dayanand Saraswati believed that selfish and ignorant priests had perverted Hindu religion with the aid of\ Puranas, which were full of false teachings.

63. Answer a

Following were the reasons for 1857 revolt-

· Limited territorial spread was one factor; there was no all-India veneer about the revolt. The eastern, southern and western parts of India remained more or less unaffected.

· The Indian soldiers were poorly equipped materially, fighting generally with swords and spears and very few guns and muskets. On the other hand, the European soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons of war like the Enfield rifle. The electric telegraph kept the commander-in-chief informed about the movements and strategy of the rebels.

· The revolt was poorly organized with no coordination or central leadership.The principal rebel leaders-Nana Saheb,Tantia Tope, Kunwar Singh,Laxmibai - were no match to their British opponents in generalship. On the other hand, the East India Company was fortunate in having the services of men of exceptional abilities in the Lawrence brothers, John Nicholson, James Outram, Henry Havelock, Edward, etc.

64. Answer c

The quick collapse of the urban handicrafts was caused largely by competition with the cheaper imported machine-goods from Britain. Indian goods made with primitive techniques could not compete with goods produced on a mass scale by powerful steam-operated machines.

The ruin of Indian industries was also contributed by oppression practiced by the East India Company. They forced craftsmen to sell their goods below the market price.

65. Answer c

· The spirit of reform embraced almost the whole of India beginning with the efforts of Raja Rammohan Roy in Bengal leading to the formation of the Brahmo Samaj in 1828.

· Raja Rammohan Roy considered different religions as national embodiments of universal theism. The Brahmo Samaj was initially conceived by him as a universalist church. He was a defender of the basic and universal principles of all religions - the monotheism of the Vedas and the Unitarianism of Christianity and at the same time attacked polytheism and idolatry of Hinduism and the trinitarianism of Christianity.

66.

Answer a

The Theosophists advocated the revival and strengthening of the ancient religions of Hinduism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. They recognised the doctrine of the transmigration of soul.

Ramakrishna Paramhansa subscribed to Vedanta which he declared to be a fully rational system. Theosophical society aimed itself at the revival of ancient religions and wasn‘t based on any system.

The society was founded in the United States whereas, later founded the headquarters at Adyar near Madras in 1886.

67. Answer b

All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 by a group of big zamindars ex-bureaucrats and other upper class Muslims like the Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin-uI-Mulk.

Founded as a loyalist, communal and conservative political organization, the League supported the partition of Bengal, raised the slogan of separate Muslim interests, demanded separate electorates and safeguards for Muslims in government services, and reiterated all the major themes of communal politics and ideology enunciated earlier by Syed Ahmed and his followers.

68. Answer d

· the internal squabbles, and especially, the split, in 1907 in the Congress, the apex all-India organization, weakened the movement.

· the Swadeshi Movement lacked an effective organization and party structure. The movement had thrown up programmatically the entire gamut of Gandhian techniques. It was, however, unable to give these techniques a centralized, disciplined focus.

· the British policy of consciously attempting to use communalism to turn the Muslims against the Swadeshi Movement was to a large extent responsible for, breaking out of communal riots in Bengal at the height of the Swadeshi Movement.

69. Answer c

Debendranath Tagore was a product of the best in the traditional Indian learning and the new thought of the West. In 1839 he founded the Tatvabodhini Sabha to propagate Rammohun Roy‘s ideas. The Tatvabodhini Sabha and its organ the Tatvabodhini Patrika promoted a systematic study of India‘s past in the Bengali language. It also helped to spread a rational outlook among the intellectuals of Bengal.

70. Answer d

· The colonial policies of the East India Company destroyed the traditional economic fabric of the Indian society. The peasantry were never really to recover from the disabilities imposed by the new and a highly unpopular revenue settlement. Impoverished by heavy taxation, the peasants resorted to loans from moneylenders/traders at usurious rates, the latter often evicting the former on non-payment of debt dues. These moneylenders and traders emerged as the new landlords.

· An Indian sepoy was made to feel a subordinate at every step and was discriminated against racially and in matters of promotion and privileges.

· The rumours about the Government‘s secret designs to promote conversions to Christianity further exasperated the sepoys. The official-missionary nexus gave credence to the rumour.

71. Answer: d

72.b

73.d

74.c

75. Answer: a An All-India organization under the name of the Communist Party of India was founded at Kanpur in December 1925.

76. Answer: a

77. Answer: d

78. Answer: b

79. Answer: a

80. Answer: a

81. Answer c

Democracy is based on consultation and discussion. A democratic decision always involves many persons, discussions and meetings. When a number of people put their heads together, they are able to point out possible mistakes in any decision. This takes time. But there is a big advantage in taking time over important decisions. This reduces the chances of rash or irresponsible decisions. Thus democracy improves the quality of decision-making.

Democracy is based on the principle of political equality, on recognising that the poorest and the least educated has the same status as the rich and the educated.

82. Answer d

Constitution is a living document. Almost like a living being, this document keeps responding to the situations and circumstances arising from time to time. Like a living being, the Constitution responds to experience.

83. Answer b

Only elected representatives of the people are empowered to consider and take final decisions on the question of amendments. Thus, sovereignty of elected representatives (parliamentary sovereignty) is the basis of the amendment procedure.

84. Answer a

AIS, Integrated judiciary and Single citizenship are Unitary features of our constitution whereas, written constitution is a federal feature as it empowers the central government and state governments both for their power and roles in governance.

85. Answer a

The Charter Act of 1853 separated, for the first time, the executive and legislative functions of the Governor General's council. It provided for addition of 6 legislative councillors to the council. In other words, it created a separate Governor General's legislative council which came to be known as the (Indian Central Legislative Council). It functioned as a mini parliament.

86. Answer c

1st and 3rd statements are incorrect as they pertain to Aricle 15 and 29 respectively Right to Freedom of Religion consists of the following Articles (25-28): Article 25 - freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. Article 26- Freedom to manage religious affairs. Article 27- Freedom from payments of taxes for promotion of any religion. Article 28-Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

87.

Answer c

Features of federal Govt. are- Dual government (national and regional govt.) and division of powers between these two governments, supremacy of the constitution, written constitution, rigid constitution, independent judiciary and bicameral system. Rule of law has no bearing on Federalism. Emergency provisions weaken federalism.

88. Answer d

All the statements are correct. The 'Preamble' of the Constitution of India sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the document which derives its authority i.e. the 'People'. The hopes and aspirations of the people as well as the ideals before our nation are described in the Preamble in clear cut words

89. Answer a

Under federal system there is an independent Supreme Court as the arbiter of the disputes between the union and the units. The federal system is also believed to bring a sense of unity among the people having diverse cultures, languages and territories. Whereas, under unitary system all powers are vested with the central legislature. Statement 3 is incorrect. Hence, statements 1st and 2nd are correct.

90. Answer d

Most of the Fundamental Rights are available against the arbitrary action of the State, with a few exceptions like those against the State’s action and against the action of private individuals. For example, Abolishing Untouchability. When the rights that are available against the State’s action only are violated by the private individuals, there are no constitutional remedies but only ordinary legal remedies. Some of them are negative in character, that is, place limitations on the authority of the State, while others are positive in nature, conferring certain privileges on the persons. For eample, Article 21A, Right to education. Hence, both statements are wrong.

91. Answer b

A unique feature of the All India Services is that the members of these services are recruited by the Center (Union government in federal polity), but their services are placed under various State cadres, and they have the liability to serve both under the State and under the Centre. Due to the federal polity of the country, this is considered one of the tools that makes union government stronger than state governments.

The Inter-State Council was set up under Article 263 of the Constitution of India by the President in 1990. Grant-in-aid is provided by the Union government under Article 275.

92. Answer d

Due to feudal character, many princes were looking for their own benefits, some supported the revolt, some helped in suppressing it. By 1856, crimean wars and Chinese wars concluded so 1,12,000 British troups poured into India.

The Maharaja of Kashmir, the Ranas of Nepal, and many other ruling chiefs, and a large number of big zamindars gave active help to the British in oppressing the Revolt. Other statements are also correct.

93. Answer d

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's agitations for legalizing widow remarriage resulted in the passage of a law in 1844.

he was a secretary of Bethune Schools and was a pioneer of higher education of women.

he did oppose child marriage.

94. Answer d

The Subsidiary system existed long before Wellesley. He used this alliance/treaty on a large scale. Dupleix was perhaps the first who had lent European troops to Indian princes at the expense of the latter.

The first time the Company insisted that the subsidiary state should have no foreign relations was in the treaty with the Nawab of Carnatic concluded by Cornwallis in 1787.

95. Answer b

In the initial years, independence from the British was not an agenda for INC. INC did not espouse the cause of untouchable and peasants when it was formed for the fear that it would lose the support of the industrialist and zamindars.

96. Answer b

Orthodox section among Muslim ulemas organised the Deoband movement. It was revivalist in nature and aimed to train religious leaders for muslim community. This school shut out the English education and western culture. It did not prepare students for government jobs but for preaching of Islamic faiths.

97. Answer a

Statement 2 is incorrect.One of biggest flaws of this movement was they did not take up peasant cause but there was no other section which could support their advanced ideas.They remained ideal and failed to understand the real Indian situation

98. Answer a

The society had its headquarter at Adyar near Madras,It was established in the year 1886. They recognised the transmigration of soul and also preached universal brotherhood. Along with advocating revival of ancient religion of Hinduism and other religions it also imparted self confidence in Indian people by proving the greatness of these religions in the past. It glorified India's past traditions.

99. Answer b

In his early years, he was an advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity. But in later years, fearing Hindu domination in national movement, he took to communalism and separatism.

He did not oppose British rule and thought them to be too strong to be dislodged by uneducated Indians.

100. Answer d

All three were associated with Brahmo Samaj. It was established by Raja Rammohun Roy and was carried forward after 1843 by Debendranath Tagore and Keshub Chandra Sen ( 1866 onwards)

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